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El rol de la agencia en la identidad híbrida de los pacientes neurotecnológicos

Autores/as

Resumen

Recientemente, en la literatura sobre neuroética se ha analizado la integración entre neurotecnologías y ser humano desde la teoría de la mente extendida. La discusión se ha centrado en buscar dimensiones para evaluar la integración de los dispositivos en las funciones cognitivas de sus usuarios. Este enfoque ha tenido un relativo éxito en conceptualizar la paridad ética de los dispositivos
respecto del cuerpo orgánico. Sin embargo, esta integración presenta al menos tres desafíos que no han sido abordados y requieren un nuevo marco conceptual. El primero, concierne a la distinción entre paciencia y agencia moral. El marco actual aborda solo el primero de estos aspectos. Los otros dos se desprenden en parte de este. El segundo, se relaciona con la distinción entre las dimensiones fenoménicas de los mencionados aspectos, esto es, el sentido de pertenencia corporal y el sentido de agencia. El foco en la paciencia moral descuida aspectos fenoménicos fundamentales de la integración con la neurotecnología. Finalmente, la posibilidad de que el dispositivo actúe coercitivamente sobre nuestros centros cognitivos constituye una forma de integración problemática que no puede abordarse adecuadamente desde los enfoques actuales. Proponemos que estos tres desafíos pueden ser estudiados explorando un nuevo abordaje sobre la identidad personal que enfatiza dichas dimensiones.

Palabras clave:

Neuroética, Neurotecnología, Interfaces cerebro-computadora, mente extendida, identidad personal

Biografía del autor/a

Jorge Ignacio Fuentes, Centro de Bioética, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Jorge Ignacio Fuentes is an Assistant Professor at the Center for Bioethics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. He possesses a bachelor's degree in exact sciences (mathematics and physics) education (Universidad de Chile). He also possesses a master's degree in philosophy of science (Universidad de Santiago). He obtained his Ph.D. in Philosophy from Universidad Alberto Hurtado (Chile). His areas of specialization are Neuroethics, Bioethics, Aristotelian Ethics, and the Philosophy of Cognitive Neuroscience. He focuses his research on ontological, epistemological, and ethical issues concerning neural and artificial computation. He is also interested in foundational notions of classical virtue ethics, such as practical wisdom, theoretical wisdom, and incontinence. He is currently inquiring about the ethical implications of the interaction between the human brain and brain implants regarding agency and personal identity.

Abel Wajnerman Paz, Instituto de Éticas Aplicadas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Profesor asistente de Neuroética en el Instituto de Éticas Aplicadas de la PUC. Doctorado en Filosofía en la UBA (2014) y becario posdoctoral Conicet (2015-2017) y Fondecyt (2018-2021). Sus principales áreas de interés son la filosofía de la neurociencia cognitiva y la neuroética. Su investigación se centra en la relación ontológica y epistémica entre los fenómenos cognitivos y los mecanismos neuronales, desde su dimensión ética.

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